Do bad smells indicate "trouble" in code?

Part of the International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis. Original paper can be found at : http://portal.acm.org/ Copyright ACM [Full text of this article is not available in the UHRA]In 1999 Fowler et al. identified 22 Bad Smells in code to direct the effective refactoring. These are increasingly being used by software engineers. However, the empirical basis of using Bad Smells to direct refactoring and to address 'trouble' in code is not clear. Our project aims to empirically investigate the impact of Bad Smells on software in terms of their relationship to faults